Showing posts with label Range Expansion. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Range Expansion. Show all posts

Monday, January 20, 2025

How Markets Move: The Natural Cycle of Range Change │ Larry Williams

Markets typically shift from small ranges to larger trend moves. When the market is in a large trend move, wait for it to settle into smaller ranges before getting involved. This gives more reliable setups when the market trends again. Market tops generally occur when the price closes well off its low, while market bottoms happen when the price closes near its low. Most traders get emotional during these times, buying at tops and selling at bottoms. Once you understand this, it becomes easier to make smarter trades.

Small Ranges Beget Large Ranges. Large Ranges Beget Small Ranges.


Markets move from congestion to creation (expansion), transitioning from small ranges to larger, more defined trend moves. A small range signals buildup, and a large range signals an impending trend. If I see a small net change from open to close, I know a large trend move is likely coming and am prepared to act on it. Here’s an example using the NASDAQ: Notice how volume fluctuates throughout the day: heavy volume in the morning, a dip in the middle, and a surge towards the end. 

"U" shaped intraday: Heavy volume in the morning, a dip in the middle, a surge at the end.

This pattern is consistent across markets. It’s like a freeway: traffic is heavy in the morning, dies down in the middle of the day, and picks up in the afternoon. Understanding this helps day traders identify opportunities in the morning and towards the end of the day, while avoiding the midday lull. Volume drives range, and large ranges happen at the start and end of the day. This is when short-term traders make money. We need volatility and large ranges to profit.

 There are three key cycles in market behavior: 
(1) small range/large range, (2) moving closes within ranges, and (3) closes opposite openings. 
All three cycles work equally well in any timeframe and market.
"Do yourself a big favor: Mark off all the large-range days [in the chart above], and then study the size of the ranges just
prior to explosive up-and-down days. See what I see? We are given ample warning of virtually every large-range day 
by the shrinkage of ranges a few days earlier."

The key takeaway for short-term traders is that not every day offers a high-probability trade. You need to identify days with potential for explosive moves and not expect large profits daily. It’s about finding that opportunity.

As for market tops, they usually occur when prices close near their highs, and bottoms happen when prices close near their lows. Focus on these closing patterns to determine when to buy and sell.

Trend is a function of time. The more time in a trade, the more opportunity for trend.

The most important insight in trading is that trends are the basis of all profits. Without a trend, there are no profits. But what causes trends? Trends are fundamentally a function of time—the more time you hold a trade, the more opportunity for a trend to develop. The challenge with day trading is that trends occur only about 15% of the time. Most of the time, prices are consolidating, making it difficult to catch a big trend move. Limiting yourself to a few hours of trading only targets that small window when trends are likely to occur.

 My Day Trade Secret: HTTC - Hold To The Close.

The day trader dilemma is that they have limited time to catch trends. Holding positions overnight allows you to capture longer trends and larger profits. A small bet with the potential for a big move is the key advantage of holding positions over time. 
 
 » How you know a large trend move is coming. «
 
Many day traders are afraid to hold positions overnight. However, if you do the math, you'll see that most market moves happen between the close of one day and the open of the next. Moves within the day are often smaller and less reliable. For short-term traders, the key to success is recognizing large range days and holding positions to the close. This is how you catch a big move during the day.
 
 
 » Hold To The Close. « 
S&P 500 E-mini Futures (daily bars).
 Narrow Range 4 & 7 Days and Inside Bar Narrow Range 4 & 7 Days.

 Narrow Range 4 & 7 Days and Inside Bar Narrow Range 4 & 7 Days.

See also:

Thursday, September 5, 2024

On Range Expansion, Monkey Hammers, FAFO & NFP Weeks | Stacey Burke

» When you get a range expansion, the market is sending you a very loud, clear signal 
that the market is getting ready to move in the direction of that expansion. «     
 —  Paul Tudor Jones 
  
» FAFO [F*** Around and Find Out] is when you try and scalp the high or scalp the low - or jump in because a market is moving - because something is up high or down low. If other time frame traders are driving the move ... be careful - that's called FAFO and is not a specific 90/10 easy money making trading setup. That's called gambling.

If the train has left the station ... find your next best candidate for your session that was on your watchlist. How is price behaving in the timing window - at the levels? No 90/10 easy money best playbook trading setup that you can see that is from your rinse and repeat templates? Then shut it down and walk away - or do what the experts do and hunt for science projects.

Behaviour of the trader - mindset of the trader - best 90/10 easy money playbook trading setup - timings - levels - behaviour of price - execution skills of the trader - behaviour of the trader after the trade is completed. Rin$e and repeat means exactly that ... same setups over and over and over again .
«
    — Stacey Burke

 
» It's a Non-Farm Payrolls week - don't be surprised to see a four-day template. The day count doesn't change. Wednesday was the reset day, and now we are in the backside of the week. We might get a monkey hammer on Thursday, and Friday setting up a Non-Farm Payrolls bounce trade. «     — Stacey Burke
 
 

Fed Chair Powell's promise to lower rates may trigger market reversals (HERE & HERE & HERE).

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Friday, August 30, 2024

Re-Accumulation & Re-Distribution Range Patterns | Richard D. Wyckoff

 S&P 500 E-mini Futures (daily bars - May 23-August 30, 2024) — 40 Week Hurst Cycle Trough on August 5th.

S&P 500 E-mini Futures (4 hour bars - August 15-30, 2024) — Distribution or Re-Accumulation:
 
(1.) Accumulation, (2.) Mark Up, (3.) Distribution, (4.) Mark Down.

The Re-Accumulation process is exactly identical to the Accumulation process. The only difference between the two is the way the structure begins to develop. While the Accumulation range begins by stopping a bearish movement, the Re-Accumulation range begins after the stop of an upward movement. To put it another way: A Re-Accumulation occurs during a longer-term up trend, which will continue in the future. The main street is finally on the right side as well. Inside a Wyckoff Re-Accumulation schematic, buyers are closing parts of their long positions and sellers are joining the market. With the incoming selling positions, market makers can fill new long positions again.

 4 Types of Re-Accumulation Ranges a.k.a. Continuation Patterns a.k.a. Trend Continuation:
(1.) Re-Accumulation after a Decline.
(2.) Re-Accumulation with Spring Action.
(3.) Re-Accumulation after a Shakeout.
(4.) Re-Accumulation with an Uprising Structure.

The 4 Re-Distribution types are simply the opposite (lower 4 schematics):
(1.) Re-Distribution after a Rally.
(2.) Re-Distribution with Spring Action.
(3.) Re-Distribution after a Shakeout.
(4.) Re-Distribution with a Declining Structure.

 Examples of different types of Re-Accumulation Patterns in the Apple (AAPL) Weekly Chart.
 
The events and phases are still the same (see the Accumulation and Distributions Schematics - the last 4 charts). Only the beginning of the Re-Accumulation cycle is different and equals the start of a distribution cycle. Take a look at the Wyckoff distribution schematics below for the occurring events. The main events that differ from an accumulation or distribution cycle are the occurrences of the Creek. The Creek is a small trend over time and can equal a smaller consolidation. The Creek builds liquidity on both sides of the market and misleads market participants. The Jump Across the Creek (JAC) is the event that causes the SoS. The Jump Across the Creek does take out previous resistance lines with a strong up move. The Jump Across the Creek can also occur inside the trading range of the accumulation. The Creek can be the horizontal resistance defined by Phases A and B or an internal trend line that formed inside Phase B.
  • After the spring and test events, there is a bullish price move with momentum. This is called the Jump Across the Creek. Price continues with a bullish Phase E.
  • Usually, any shakeout and/or decline action before Re-Accumulation will have a local smaller distribution pattern (cause and effect).
  • The Initial Shakeout/Decline is less pronounced during Re-Accumulation than before Accumulation.
  • Volume: Re-Accumulation usually has less supply than Accumulation.
  • The maximum swing of trading range (highest to lowest point): Re-Accumulation trading range is usually tighter compared with an Accumulation trading range.
 (1.) Re-Accumulation after a Decline
 
  • Weakest among the Re-Accumulation types.
  • Decline usually starts from a small local distribution pattern.
  • It can have different variations of the trading range (see the structure of the next 3 formations).
(2.) Re-Accumulation with Spring Action
 
  • Flat or sloping down formation.
  • It can potentially have a few lower lows with a spring being the lowest point of the trading range.
  • Leading stocks can exhibit short-term weakness after strength in this formation.
(3.) Re-Accumulation after a Shakeout
 
  • Absorption of supply happens in the trading range without violation of support.
  • Usually and depending on a position of the market, this pattern exhibits strength.
(4.) Re-Accumulation with an Uprising Structure 
 
  • Re-Accumulation with an Uprise is the strongest Re-Accumulation type.
  • This structure will exhibit higher highs / higher lows.
  • Sometimes can be confused with a topping trading range (Distribution).
 
 
 Accumulation Schematic #1: Phases A and B.

 Accumulation Schematic #1: Phases C, D and E.
 
 Distribution Schematic #3: Phases A, B, C, D and E = the Inversion of the  Accumulation Schematic #1
 
The Re-Distribution occurs inside a markdown cycle and stops a down-trend for a longer period. After bigger price moves even Main Street joins the trend. Now it is time for the market makers to bring the price into a consolidation phase to scare sellers and bring in new buyers. That ensures new liquidity for the institution’s to place new short orders. The start of a Wyckoff Re-Distribution schematic is the same as an Accumulation cycle. A Creek inside the trading range creates liquidity on both sides of the market, which gets taken by a UTAD. Many people will see this as a break-out to join bullish price action, but don’t get fooled. With a Jump across the Creek, the price is not only returning into the trading range but going to continue the downtrend from before.
 
 
  Distribution Schematic #2: Phases A and B.
 
 Distribution Schematic #2: Phases C, D and E.
 
Many believe that simply labeling the events is sufficient for detecting Wyckoff cycles. Don't forget that a supposed Distribution can become a Re-Accumulation or an Accumulation a Re-Distribution. Therefore, it is essential to presuppose a fundamental market analysis and confirm a Wyckoff cycle with COT data, Seasonality, or other longer-term confirmations. Don't make the mistake of looking for Accumulations and Distributions in lower time frames. It is easy to draw a supposed accumulation on a 5-minute chart, but a real Accumulation takes place in higher time frames. Since a Wyckoff cycle takes time to unfold, wait for the events to occur and be fully validated. Otherwise, one quickly get s distracted by the noise within the actual moves and makes bad trading decisions in the worst case. 
 

Wednesday, July 10, 2024

S&P 500 vs Tri-Annual, Yearly, Quarterly, Monthly, Weekly & Daily Pivot Levels

S&P 500 E-mini Futures (weekly candles) vs Tri-Annual Pivot Levels (for 2022-2024).
Based on spectrum analysis, Sergey Tarassov forcasted a multiyear high in US-stocks sometime 
around August 2024 between the crests of the 40 Month Cycle and the 42 Month Cycle
By then the tri-annual R1 level at 6,019 could well be reached. R2 is at 6,928.
 
S&P 500 E-mini Futures (weekly candles) vs Yearly Pivot Levels (for 2024).
Tri-Annual and Yearly Pivot Points and Levels are suitable for long-term investing or swing trading
with a time frame of several months to a year or more.

S&P 500 E-mini Futures (weekly candles) vs Quarterly Pivot Levels (for Q3 July-September 2024).
Quarterly Pivot Points and Levels are suitable for medium-term trading with a time frame of several 
weeks to a few months. They are useful for identifying intermediate support and resistance levels, 
trend continuations, and potential corrections.
.
S&P 500 E-mini Futures (daily candles) vs Monthly Pivot Levels (for (July 2024).
Monthly Pivot Points and Levels are ideal for short-term to medium-term trading 
with a time frame of several days to a few weeks.

S&P 500 E-mini Futures (daily candles) vs Weekly Pivot Levels (for July 07-12, 2024).
Weekly Pivot Points and Levels are suitable for short-term trading with a time frame of one to several
days to a week, to identify short-term support and resistance levels, trend continuations, and potential reversals.

S&P 500 E-mini Futures (4 hour candles) vs Daily Pivot Levels (for July 10, 2024).
Daily Pivot Points and Levels are ideal for short-term and intraday trading with a time frame of several hours to a day in order to identify short-term support and resistance levels, trend reversals, and potential breakouts. Daily Pivots can be used to make quick trading decisions, adjust stop-losses, or set price targets for the current trading session.
 

Pivot Points, Support and Resistance levels are calculated based on previous high, low, and close prices. These levels can identify areas, where price may bounce, reverse or break through, and where to set entry, stop-loss and take-profit orders. This technique is valid on various timeframes. Common types are Floor (Trader) Pivots a.k.a. Standard or Traditional Pivots (= all charts above), Central Pivot Range (CPR), Fibonacci, Woodie, Classic, Camarilla and DeMark Pivot Points, each type having their own calculation method.
 

See also:

Wednesday, June 26, 2024

S&P 500 — Yearly, Quarterly and Monthly Floor Trader Pivots Levels

S&P 500 — Monthly Bars  — Yearly (2024) Pivots Levels:
R2  5,453  —  R1  5,110  —  MR1 4,781
Yearly Pivot Point (YPP)  4,551
MS1  4,280
  —  S1  4,108  —  S2  3,449

 S&P 500 — Weekly Bars  — Quarterly (Q2 2024) Pivots Levels:
R2  5,662  —  R1  5,546  —  MR1  5,258
Quarterly Pivot Point (QPP)  5,059
MS1  4,956
  —  S1  4,853  —  S2  4,456
 
 S&P 500 — Daily Bars  — Quarterly (Q2) and Monthly (June) Pivots Levels:
R2  5,558  —  MR2  5,490  — R1  5,423  —  MR1  5,319
Monthly Pivot Point  (PP) 5,215
MS1  5,147  —  S1  5,080  —  MS2  4,976  —  S2  4,872
 

Ref
erence:
 

Friday, June 14, 2024

The Principle of Contraction/Expansion | Toby Crabel

Price always moves from Consolidation to Expansion, never from Consolidation to Reversal or from Consolidation to Retracement. 
 

After an Expansion, two possible scenarios can occur: either a Retracement or a Reversal, followed by another Expansion or Consolidation. That’s it—it happens over and over again. 

» The principle of Contraction/Expansion is defined as the market phenomenon of change from a period of rest to a period of movement back to a period of rest. This interaction between the phases of motion and rest are constantly taking place, with one phase directly responsible for the others' existence. «
 
Toby Crabel, 1990
 
In his study 'Day Trading with Short Term Price Patterns and Opening Range Breakout' Toby Crabel defined the following range contraction and expansion patterns:

NR4 - The narrowest daily range relative to the previous three day’s daily ranges compared individually.
NR7 - A day with a daily range that is narrower than the previous six day’s daily ranges compared individually.
WS4 - (Widespread 4) A day with a daily range that is larger than any of the previous three day’s daily ranges.
WS7 - (Widespread 7) A day with a daily range that is larger than any of the previous six day’s daily ranges
             compared individually.

His key findings were: A cumulative total of Gross Profits for the contraction patterns vs expansion patterns on trades in the direction of the move off the open showed $710,000 for contractions on 7,313 trades and $102,000 for expansions on 7,524 trades. Profits were seven times larger for ORB (Opening Range Breakout) trades after contractions than expansions.

» Clearly something is going on here. The suggestion from these results is that one should be looking to go with a forceful move off the open after a contraction and not willing to do so after an expansion. In fact, fading price action off the open, with trend, after an expansion is a consideration. Other patterns can help with the decision on whether to fade a move off the open along with previously mentioned market context. If nothing else, one should be aware of the dangers of ORB trades the day after a big directional day. Caution is necessary after expansions. This is when the most attention is given to the market by the novice trades who invariably get caught in whipsaws and trendless markets. «  

 The more defined the congestion area, the better the chances for a Trend Day activity the following day.

Bitcoin - Inside Bar Narrow Range 4 (ID/NR4) in monthly, weekly, daily and 4 hour bar charts.

» An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed 
and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. «
Isaac Newton's 'First Law of Motion', 1687