Showing posts with label Europe. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Europe. Show all posts

Saturday, July 25, 2026

Brittany’s Giant Megalithic Menhirs: Who Built and Moved Them—and Why?

The Broken Menhir of Er Grah—also known as the Grand Menhir Brisé—is the largest known monolith ever transported and erected by Neolithic humans. Located in Locmariaquer, Brittany, France, this 300-ton granite pillar, measuring 21 meters in length, was put up some 6,000 years ago, more than 2,000 years before Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid of Giza.
 
The Grand Menhir Brisé (Brittany, France) is the largest single stone block ever transported and erected by Neolithic humans.
The Broken Menhir of Er Grah.

The pillar did not stand alone; it was part of an alignment of 19 megaliths. Today, it lies shattered on the ground in four distinct sections. While an earthquake was once suspected to be the cause, researchers now believe it was intentionally pulled down and broken around 4300 BC during a period of ideological and religious shift. What makes it even more remarkable is its origin. The stone was quarried across the Gulf of Morbihan, near the Auray river estuary 10 kilometers away, meaning it had to be moved over land, then by water, and then over land again. Even with modern technology, that's no small task.  
 
 
Dragging is out of the question—the friction would have made it impossible. The only realistic method is rolling: a massive platform supported by dozens of wooden rollers, distributing the weight step by step along a prepared track? But that raises another challenge—how to load 300 tons onto a boat? What kind of vessel could even carry it? These weren't primitive people. They planned, tested, and organized. If they could move the stone a few meters, they could move it kilometers—repeating the same process over and over. And yet, most explanations focus on symbolism. The real mystery is far more concrete: How did they actually do it?
 
Some have suggested that all these megaliths were transported on ice, but the ice sheets had retreated roughly 15,000 years earlier, leaving no glaciation 6,000 years ago. Moreover, Neolithic farming and livestock societies required a stable, ice-free climate capable of supporting the workforce needed for such projects. Physically, heavy stones would grind into ice rather than glide across it, becoming embedded within a few meters. 
   
The menhir of Kerloas, also called menhir of Kervéatoux, is located in Plouarzel in the department of Finistère in France. It is considered to be the highest menhir currently standing, with its 9.50 m above ground.
Kerloas Menhir (Menhir de Kervéatoux) in Plouarzel.
 
The Kerloas Menhir, another giant cucumber-shaped granite monolith in Finistère, weighs an estimated 150 tons. Standing just under 10 meters tall—originally 12 meters before a lightning strike broke its tip—it rests on a high, flat plateau 130 meters above sea level and remains visible from 30 kilometers away. The Kerloas Menhir's purpose remains uncertain, but its prominent position suggests it also served as a territorial marker. Its transport was itself a remarkable Neolithic undertaking: the 150-ton granite block was moved two kilometers from the nearest outcrop and hauled up a 100-meter incline to reach the elevated plateau, unlike many megaliths that were moved along downhill routes. 
 
Located in Plourin, Brittany, the Neolithic Kergadiou menhirs include France’s second-tallest standing stone (8.75m) alongside a fallen 11-meter megalith in the background.
Kergadiou menhirs in a farmer's field in Plourin.

A few kilometers away sit the Kergadiou menhirs. The taller surviving stone reaches 8.75 meters and weighs around 50 tons, standing on a coastal plain 63 meters above sea level and visible from the sea. Beside it lies a fallen menhir measuring 10 meters in length and weighing roughly 60 tons; if re-erected, it would rank among the tallest in France and the world. 
Carnac stonesover 3,000 menhirs, alignments, dolmens,
and tumuli
the world's largest megalithic complex.
Local legends long associated menhirs with fertility and healing. Women pressed their bellies against the stones—sometimes using specific postures to conceive a boy or girl—or stood on opposite sides with their husbands. Single women performed rituals hoping for good marriages, and the sick touched ailing body parts to the stones for magical healing.
 
 
As Christianity spread into Celtic and pagan regions between the 5th and 7th centuries, the Church often absorbed rather than destroyed these sacred sites, gradually Christianizing megaliths whose origins had already been forgotten in order to redirect existing rituals toward Catholic worship. An 1867 engraving by Félix Benoist shows the Kergadiou menhir topped with a small Latin cross. The cross vanished, but a drilled socket at the flattened peak remains visible.

The Menhir of Saint-Uzec in Pleumeur-Bodou, Brittany, is one of France’s best-preserved examples of the Christianization of a prehistoric monument. This 7-meter, 80-ton Neolithic granite monolith was transformed in the 17th century into a calvary, with detailed reliefs of the Passion of Christ carved into its surface and originally painted to redirect local devotion toward Christianity. The Saint-Uzec menhir’s southern face depicts the Passion of Christ, including the instruments of the Passion, the Virgin Mary, and the cockerel symbolizing Peter’s denial. Uniquely, it also features human-faced sun and moon motifs. In the 17th century, Jesuit missionary Padre Maunoir transformed the monument to counter perceived pagan revival and strengthen Catholic devotion during the Counter-Reformation. A stone cross still crowns the menhir, while vertical grooves on its northern side show possible prehistoric origins and later modifications.
Saint-Uzec menhir in Pleumeur-Bodou.
 
Other menhirs underwent similar transformations. The Champ-Dolent menhir once featured crosses, including a version flanked by two figures. In the 1970s, researchers used this site to test ancient construction methods, successfully raising a large menhir using ropes, steel cables, and wooden A-frame bipods for leverage. Meanwhile, the Saint-Uzec menhir was heavily re-carved with a cross and relief scenes of Christ's Passion, including the ladder and pliers. 
 
The Ring of Brodgar is a Neolithic henge and stone circle on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. Built between 2600–2400 BC, it predates Stonehenge and forms part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ring of Brodgar, Orkney Islands, Scotland (2600 to 2400 BC).

 
The Ġgantija Temple Complex is a Neolithic megalithic monument on Malta’s Gozo Island. Built between 3600 and 3200 BC, it is one of the world’s oldest free-standing religious structures, predating Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids, and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980.
Ġgantija megalithic temple complex, Gozo Island, Malta (3600 to 3200 BC).
 
Human remains found at the bases of menhirs span from the Bronze Age and Iron Age through the Middle Ages, revealing centuries of changing use, while dolmens  and burial tumuli—stone and earth mounds covering central chambers—showed less frequent reuse.

Thursday, February 12, 2026

Russia and Western Man | Walter Schubart

Walter Schubart (1897–1942), a German jurist and cultural philosopher, occupied a singular position in the intellectual history of the mid-twentieth century. Forced to emigrate from Germany to Riga, Latvia, in 1933 to escape the rising tide of National Socialism, he experienced a profound cultural and spiritual transformation, eventually converting to Russian Orthodoxy and marrying a Russian woman. This intimate immersion into the Slavic spirit, combined with his academic post at the Latvian State University, allowed him to write with a depth that transcended mere observation, culminating in his 1938 masterpiece, "Russia and Western Man." Although he perished in a Soviet labor camp in 1942, his philosophy remains a cornerstone for understanding the metaphysical divide between the West and the East. In this work, Schubart presents a cultural-philosophical analysis based on "aeonic prototypes"—spiritual forms that determine the character of different eras—primarily contrasting the Promethean man of the West with the Messianic or Saintly man of the East.
 
»
Our destiny is universality, won not by the sword, but by the strength
of brotherhood and our fraternal aspiration to reunite mankind. «
Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1880
 
The Messianic Soul and the Character of the Russian Man
Schubart characterizes the Russian soul through its inherent drive toward spiritual unity and the archetype of the Messianic man. Unlike the Westerner, the Russian finds their greatest happiness in sacrifice, perpetually striving toward an all-embracing unity that seeks to embody the concept of universal humanity in flesh and blood. This soul seeks not to complete itself or to take from others, but to give and to offer itself lavishly, aiming for the bliss of becoming immersed in the "All" (p. 182). This spiritual orientation is underpinned by a profound humility that the Western mind often confuses with humiliation. For the Russian, humility is an essential step toward freedom because it relates the individual to God, whereas the European, bound by earthly perceptions, sees it as the mark of a slave (p. 153).
 
Furthermore, the Russian’s relationship to time is dictated by a sense of eternity that precludes the frantic pace of the West. Because the Russian feels themselves to be an eternal being, they are never troubled by the consuming fear of missing out or the pressure of a daily workload; they believe they have unlimited time. This allows Russian life to flow leisurely in a state where the "pure present" belongs to the individual (p. 151). This internal landscape fosters a sense of brotherly love where humans are united by their shared humanity rather than by common political or economic aims. Schubart notes that while Europeans are united by common goals, Russians are united by their souls, serving their fellow men directly out of love rather than a cold sense of duty (p. 176).
 
» 
Up to now, Europe has been Russia's misfortune—may the future prove Russia to be Europe's salvation! «
Walter Schubart (p. 275). 
 
The Promethean Spirit and the Will of Western Man
In stark contrast, Schubart defines the Westerner as the Promethean man, an individual driven by a primitive fear that necessitates a will to power and the imposition of order upon a world viewed as chaos. For this heroic type, the world is a landscape into which it is his mission to bring form, and he himself supplies the universe with its only purpose (p. 14). To combat the internal specter of fear, the Promethean man relies on a domineering intellect that demands an icy clarity, treating emotions like well-behaved horses to be held in traces and refusing to tolerate daydreams or emotional suspension (p. 16).
 
This mindset views religious knowledge as a lower form of understanding and instead praises technology as the ultimate tool to eliminate chance and miracle from the world. Promethean man attempts to reduce the irrational to the comprehensive, seeking to fathom the secrets of nature primarily to rule the world. Consequently, generations have emerged in the West who are ashamed of the idea of God and regard the development of atheism as a sign of progress.
 
»
The Englishman desires to exploit his neighbor, the Frenchman to impress him, 
the German to command him—only the Russian desires nothing from him. «
Walter Schubart (p. 299). 
 
The Cultural Conflict and the End of the European Period
The conflict between these two types manifests in their fundamental goals for culture and society. While the final goal of Western culture is middle-class comfort and the regulation of the world through rigid legal systems, the Russian culture is driven by an urge to sacrifice itself in a final dramatic scene (p. 143, 191). The Russian perspective lacks a Western legal sense, viewing law as something that should eventually be rendered superfluous by religion—a concept that the modern Westerner, who has made an idol of the state, fails to comprehend (p. 191). Similarly, the concept of property differs; while the Westerner’s heart beats faster at the sight of his possessions, the Russian often suffers twinges of conscience, feeling that property owns the person rather than the person owning the property (p. 194).
 
Schubart argues that the "European period" in Russia, which began with Peter the Great’s attempts to impose Western rationalism and state supremacy over the Church, has finally reached its conclusion. He posits that the Bolshevik Revolution ironically accelerated this end by liquidating the social upper class that acted as the primary carrier for Western influence. By barricading Russia from Europe, the revolutionary era forced the nation back upon itself, marking the beginning of an "Asiatic era" where Russia is striving to overcome the influence of Promethean culture on its soil (p. 13-14). This shift represents a return to the Russian roots that had been suppressed for two centuries by a "Western crust."
 
»
 The Russians, as indeed all Slavs, have the passion for freedom, not alone for freedom from the yoke of foreign domination, 
but freedom from the fetters of all transitory things. Here, the breadth of soul with its famous Russian generosity, shows itself
and stands out conspicuously in contrast with the middling pettiness of the West, and particularly of the Germans. «
Walter Schubart (p. 81). 
 
Russia as the Spiritual Salvation of the West
Schubart concludes his analysis with a vision of Russia acting as a spiritual salvation for a dying West. He asserts that the Western Promethean culture is in a state of terminal collapse, bearing the sign of death upon its brow as it sinks into a nihilistic abyss (p. 300). He believes that while Europe has been Russia’s misfortune in the past, the future may prove Russia to be Europe’s salvation as the "Man of the Millennium" is born from the synthesis of East and West (p. 300). The Russian mission, unlike the English national mission of world domination and practical aims, is one of redemption based on moral principles and the offering of a soul to a world that has become a spiritual desert (p. 219).
 
Ultimately, Schubart envisions the birth of a West-East world-culture that reconciles the organizational strength of the West with the spiritual depth of the East. He argues that the approaching collapse of Western culture is unavoidable, but that this destruction is merely the precursor to a resurrection. In his view, the twentieth century is an epoch of contradictions and decay, but also one of Messianic promise, where the Russian soul will provide the necessary spiritual renewal to save humanity from the mechanical void of Prometheanism (p. 299-300).
 
Reference: 
[Europa und die Seele des Ostens.]

See also:

Tuesday, January 27, 2026

China, Russia Must Manage 'Orderly' US Decline | Huang J. and S. Karaganov

The year 2026 opened with a series of maneuvers by the United States that continue to unsettle the global landscape. Beneath the surface of international diplomacy, powerful undercurrents are surging. Even as the aftershocks of the military strike on Venezuela linger, Donald Trump has turned his sights toward Greenland, alternating between economic buyouts and martial threats.

» The Americans are withdrawing to the Western Hemisphere.  They are transitioning into a "normal" regional power. «               1941 political cartoon by Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss) satirizing "America First" isolationism. An elderly woman in an "America First" sweater reads "Adolf the Wolf" to two horrified children, remarking: "...and the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones... but those were foreign children, and it didn't really matter."
 » The Americans are withdrawing to the Western Hemisphere. 
They are transitioning into a "normal" regional power. « 
1941 political cartoon by Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss) satirizing "America First" isolationism. An elderly woman in an "America First" sweater reads "Adolf the Wolf" to two horrified children, remarking: "...and the Wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones... but those were foreign children, and it didn't really matter."
This predatory posture—where even allies are not spared—raises a fundamental question: Is this the brute assertion of a military hegemon, or the final, desperate thrashings of a superpower in decline? As the rift between the US and Europe widens over the Greenland dispute, and the very foundations of the NATO alliance tremble, what kind of shockwaves will the global order sustain?

Huang Jing: Regarding the abduction of Venezuelan President Maduro and the First Lady—an act of blatant violent aggression—how do you foresee its impact?

Sergey Karaganov: To be clear, we are still operating without full transparency regarding the facts; the abduction is peculiar, appearing almost like a choreographed performance. While clearly the work of US security apparatuses, their local facilitators remain in the shadowsHowever, the trend is undeniable: Trump and the US are attempting to pivot back to the Western Hemisphere as they retreat from global leadership. This process began 15 to 17 years ago, though it went largely unremarked by the masses. 

Huang: We only truly grasped it about 15 years ago.

Karaganov: Exactly. Circa 2006 or 2007. It was an internal discussion then, but the trajectory was visible. Notably, when Obama took office, his instinct was an "America First" strategy, but he was constrained by the globalist factions surrounding him. 
The kidnapping of Maduro and the "piracy" of seizing oil tankers are criminal acts. Yet, there is a "silver lining": the Americans are withdrawing to the Western Hemisphere. They are transitioning into a "normal" regional power rather than a global hegemon, shedding the pretense of world leadership. It is a double-edged sword. While we must condemn the incredible crime of abducting an elected leader, we are seeing a strategic retreat. For years, I have argued that we must create the conditions to help the US exit its global role—without triggering a world war.
 
» US decline isn't the problem; the "disorder" of that decline is the catastrophe. « Aggression as a symptom of decay: POTUS claiming US used classified "Disruptor"  weapon to paralyze Venezuelan defense systems in order to hijack Nicolás Maduro.
» US decline isn't the problem; the "disorder" of that decline is the catastrophe. «
Aggression as a symptom of decay: POTUS claiming US used classified "Disruptor" 
weapon to paralyze Venezuelan defense systems in order to hijack Nicolás Maduro.
 
Huang: Agreed. I recall your work on "Disorder," suggesting that a chaotic US decline is a threat to us all. This hegemonic fatigue began because the US simply could not sustain the post-1991 international system. You cite 2006; I would argue the definitive cracks appeared by 2008.

Karaganov: The decline of Western hegemony actually dates back to the 1960s. The signs were there, but ignored. When the USSR achieved nuclear parity, the foundation of a 500-year-old Western dominance began to crumble. After the Soviet collapse, the West—and the US specifically—fell into a state of "euphoria," believing they had reversed the tide of history. This lasted barely 15 years before Russia began to reconstitute its position and China emerged as a titan. Blinded by their "victory," the American elite made massive strategic blunders. They essentially subsidized China's rise, naively believing that capitalism would inevitably lead to a "democracy" that would act as a US satellite. When reality failed to meet their visions, they doubled down on failed invasions—Afghanistan, Iraq. By 2008, the internal decision to begin a long-term withdrawal had already taken root.
 
» Russia and China should work together to facilitate an orderly decline for the United States. This is in everyone's interest, including Washington's. «   August 2021, managing 'disordered' collapse: US troops at Kabul Airport use rifles to deter Afghan civilians attempting to flee during the withdrawal.
» Russia and China should work together to facilitate an orderly decline for
the United States. This is in everyone's interest, including Washington's. « 
 August 2021, managing 'disordered' collapse: US troops at Kabul Airport use
rifles to deter Afghan civilians attempting to flee during the withdrawal.
 
Huang: I agree, though I’d add a nuance: China’s rise wasn't merely a gift from the US. It was the result of correct internal policies and a desire to integrate into the global system to reform it from within. The US "vision" of a peaceful evolution into a Western-style state was indeed a profound miscalculation.

Karaganov: I don't disagree, but consider this: China’s development was facilitated by the Soviet/Russian security umbrella. Even when China was militarily weaker, the US never dared a direct strike. Furthermore, the US committed the ultimate strategic error. Through their actions, they pushed Russia and China—natural neighbors—into an unbreakable de facto alliance. Over the last 15 years, this "quasi-alliance" has effectively doubled the strategic weight of both nations. It is an monumental failure by Western competitors.
 
» The US will never come to the rescue of Europe. « 
 
Huang: From a historical perspective, we remember how the USSR helped build China’s industrial base. Yet the USSR also suffered from overexpansion—Afghanistan being the fatal error—which led to the fragile US-China cooperation of the 1980s to contain Moscow.

Karaganov: Indeed. But it wasn't just overexpansion; it was arrogance. Khrushchev’s arrogance toward Mao in the 50s and the refusal to aid China’s nuclear program were grave miscalculations.

Huang: Yet China succeeded regardless.

Karaganov: Yes, and that autonomous development secured China’s strategic autonomy for decades. Had we helped then, the rapprochement with Nixon might never have been necessary. History would be unrecognizable. But today, the US is committing the greatest error of the modern era. Post-1991, they mistook their moment for permanent "Globalist" dominion. They tried to export "universal values" through Color Revolutions and the Arab Spring—all of which failed. Now, they are retreating into the Western Hemisphere because they must, not because they want to. 
  
Huang: As you famously said: US decline isn't the problem; the "disorder" of that decline is the catastrophe. Does the invasion of Venezuela reflect a managed exit or a chaotic one?

Karaganov: Let’s put it this way: Russia and China should work together to facilitate an orderly decline for the United States. This is in everyone's interest, including Washington's. The US was an "accidental" global hegemon. Before WWII, they were an economic powerhouse but a geopolitical non-factor. They became the world leader with very little capital investment because Europe collapsed and the USSR was exhausted.

Now, as the "Global South" and China rise, the West realizes it can no longer control the very system of free trade and international law it created. So, they have begun to sabotage their own system—using sanctions and breaking trade rules—because they can no longer win by the old rules. In Ukraine, the Biden administration initially thought they could isolate Russia from Europe. They succeeded in creating a rift, but now that they see Russia is willing to escalate—even to the nuclear level—they are looking for the exit. Trump is vocal about withdrawal, but Biden started the process. I saw it myself: Biden's 2022 New York Times piece, where he set "red lines" for the US (no direct entry, no regime change), was the first signal of the American retreat.
 
» The source of all ills and evil in the history of humanity. «  Zelensky, Starmer, Macron, and Merz, December 8, 2025.
 » The source of all ills and evil in the history of humanity. «

 Zelensky, Starmer, Macron, and Merz, December 8, 2025.

Huang: You warned the Americans in 2012: "You are pushing us into a corner, and you will end up in one yourselves." In 2020, you argued that the goal wasn't just defeating Ukraine, but dismantling the Western international system itself—a system used as a tool for hypocritical hegemony. Do you still stand by that?

Karaganov: Absolutely. And we are succeeding. By raising the stakes, we have essentially pushed the US out of the war. We made them realize that Russia would risk nuclear conflict over Europe. Biden never explicitly promised to fight for Europe if it were attacked; he only spoke of "support." Now, Russia’s objective is to break the will of the European elites. Europe has historically been the source of the world's greatest troubles—colonialism, racism, world wars. They are currently drifting toward a Third World War. Our strategic long-term goal should be to push Europe to the periphery of the global stage, creating systemic conditions where their current "sinister" elites are rendered obsolete.

Huang: On that point, you and Trump seem to be in total agreement.

Karaganov: (Laughs) I said it first.
 
[Continue from 27:00 in the video above—highly insightful and well worth the watch.] 
 
[中俄应该携手合作,帮助美国实现“有序衰落.”]
 
"How can you discuss anything with Kaja Kallas? Neither we will ever discuss anything with her,  nor will the Americans, and this is obvious. We can only wait until she leaves," Peskov said.
"How can you discuss anything with Kaja Kallas? Neither we will ever discuss anything with her, 
nor will the Americans, and this is obvious. We can only wait until she leaves," Peskov said.

Huang Jing is a Distinguished Professor at Shanghai International Studies University and a globally recognized authority on Chinese politics and US-Asia relations. Formerly a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and Director at the National University of Singapore, he specializes in the US-China-Russia strategic triangle. He is a prolific author and advisor known for his realist analysis of great power competition and global governance.
Sergey Karaganov is the Honorary Chairman of the Russian Council on Foreign and Defense Policy and a presidential advisor to both Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin. He currently serves as the Academic Supervisor of the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs at Moscow’s Higher School of Economics. A primary architect of the "Greater Eurasia" concept, he is a leading realist thinker on Russian grand strategy and the transformation of the global order.

Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Europe Has Had Its Soul Colonized | Martin Sellner

Europe, and Germany in particular, has had its soul colonized. Generations — especially the Boomers — have unlearned how to think independently and with pride. 
 
 » I represent a consistent Central European position with primacy on remigration
Anything else would be sheer madness given the situation. «
 
They are mentally broken. Guilt and ‘gratitude’ towards foreigners define their identity.

Western liberals, raised under NATO, cannot thank the Allies enough for their ‘liberation.’
Eastern socialists, raised under the Warsaw Pact, express the same fervent gratitude towards the ‘Red Army.’

Instinctively, they are always in search of a new ‘protector.’ Psychologically, this mindset is understandable within the context of the 20th century. However, it is entirely unfit for the 21st century, the return of history, and the multipolar world. True Europeans are:

Against any cult of guilt and submission.
Against the East/West divide and the interference of foreign powers.
For the removal of the old elites, remigration, and a strong, renewed Central Europe on an equal footing with both 
      Russia and the United States.

 
Gene Sharp’s analysis of "Regime Change" is considered the blueprint for all globalist color revolutions in recent decades. Amid the rise of conservative and patriotic politics across all member countries of the European Union, aiming for regime change from the right, 36-year-old Austrian activist Martin Sellner's Identitarian Movement has adapted Sharp's key strategies, along with metapolitics, parliamentary patriotism, militancy, remigration, and cultural reconquista, encouraging debate and action among Europe's youth committed to securing their future and freedom.
 
See also:

Tuesday, February 18, 2025

The Sidonius Apollinaris Syndrome | Markku Siira

If people don't want to witness the growth of certain crisis phenomena, the 21st century is relentlessly sweeping over them. Russian historian Andrei Fursov has coined the term "Sidonius Apollinaris Syndrome" to describe this. He draws inspiration from Sidonius Apollinaris, a Christian bishop, writer, and poet in ancient Rome. A significant collection of letters he wrote to friends and family has survived, offering an essential look at 4th-century history. In one of these letters, Sidonius describes the world as a peaceful and tranquil place. He writes: We are living in magnificent times, peace and tranquility reign everywhere; I sit by the pool at my villa, a dragonfly hovers over the water, the world is beautiful. However, not long after, the Roman Empire collapsed. Fursov points to this historical blindness, noting that it is "partly due to ignorance and partly simply a reluctance to see and understand."

 » We are living in magnificent times, peace and tranquility reign everywhere; 
I sit by the pool at my villa, a dragonfly hovers over the water, the world is beautiful. «
Gaius Sollius Modestus Sidonius Apollinaris: Aristocrat, Poet, Diplomat, Senator, Prefect of Rome, Consul,
Bishop of Clermont, Torchbearer of Faith, Father of the Church, Saint of the Roman Universal Church, 450 AD.
Not even a year later, in June of 451 AD, Gaul was overrun by the Huns under Attila. 

Today, we live in an era of political and economic stagnation, marked by an increasing number of global conflicts. The situation seems to worsen with every passing day. Fursov argues that we are witnessing the "quantitative accumulation of negative trends," and at some point, "quantity turns into quality." In other words, these trends may reach a tipping point, leading to a dramatic change. Historical events can unfold quickly and unexpectedly. Fursov recalls a friend's grandmother commenting on the collapse of the Soviet Union, saying, "You can’t imagine how fast it happened. Before lunch, all the shops were still open, but by lunchtime, everything had already shut down." This sudden shift demonstrates how societal structures can unravel at a startling pace.

Fursov believes that old structures and institutions are beginning to falter in the modern world. He underscores that such periods of transformation often lead to the renewal or collapse of social and political systems. The European Union, for example, could face collapse due to internal contradictions and external pressures. Could we be witnessing the disintegration of a new "Eurostate" that would dramatically reshape Europe’s political landscape?

 In 451 AD, Attila the Hun, leader of the Huns, invaded the Western Roman Empire, specifically Gaul
(modern-day France), marking a significant military campaign against the weakened Roman state.

Similarly, the political polarization within the United States, Trump’s foreign policy stance, and the rise of Russia and China may weaken NATO’s influence in the West. This could result in a series of power-political upheavals, where traditional alliances fall apart, leading to new global power structures.
 
»
Characteristic of dark times in history. «

Fursov advises that in order to survive under harsh conditions, it’s crucial to analyze and understand current trends. But it’s equally important to be physically prepared for scarcity. "The entire 21st century will be filled with battles on all levels," he warns—within the elite, between the elite and the middle class, and between the lower classes and the elite. This kind of turmoil is characteristic of dark times in history. Additionally, the massive influx of migrants contributes to the chaos, creating a situation resembling the Brownian movement. In this environment, Fursov argues, one must be ready to seize opportunities as they arise. Over the next 20-30 years, he believes, people will be united by a common desire to preserve their place in history as bearers of a particular civilization and cultural code. However, this tradition, which is over a thousand years old, is now under threat.

Unfortunately, the current trajectory offers little reason for optimism. Globalization, technological revolution, and the erosion of cultural identity seem to be intensifying. If we fail to stop and assess where we are headed, we risk ending up in a world where the past is forgotten, and the future is severed from its roots.

 
了解你的敌人
Know your Enemies.