Predictable Cycles in Geomagnetic Activity | Theodor Landscheidt

Geomagnetic storms, which are released by energetic solar eruptions, are important geophysical events. Newer results indicate that there is a connection with weather. Figure 1 shows the zonal type of atmospheric circulation as a result of geomagnetic disturbances caused by the sun’s eruptional activity, and meridional circulation related to a lull in geomagnetic activity. This is a permanent feature that regulates the prevalence of warm westerly flow or cool arctic air over Europe and North America. 

 

 

 

 

The bulk flow speed of the solar wind, which is indicative of the energy of eruptional mass ejections and resultant shock waves caused by solar eruptions, is strongly coupled to geomagnetic activity, which in turn seems to be the common factor of a wide variety of terrestrial phenomena.

Quoted from:
Theodor Landscheidt (1989) - Predictable Cycles in Geomagnetic Activity and Ozone Levels.
In: Cycles, November/December 1989, Foundation for the Study of Cycles.

Sun - Earth - Man | Theodor Landscheidt

The unanimous message of mystics of all ages that all entities in the universe are interconnected and constitute an indivisible whole is proven now by unequivocal physical experiments that have been replicated again and again. From this undeniable unity, connectedness, and inseparability follows that any action or configuration in any distant part of the universe can influence processes in the Solar System inhabited by Man. This is also valid for the interrelations of Sun and planets within the Solar System and especially the Earth's connections with other cosmic bodies in the solar environment.

 » The whole of space is filled with electrons and flying electric ions of all kinds. 

We have assumed that each stellar system in evolution throws off electric corpuscles into space. 

It does not seem unreasonable therefore to think that the greater part of the material 

masses in the universe is found, not in the solar systems or nebulae, but in 'empty' space. «
Kristian Birkeland, 1913.

To look at the solar system and its constituent parts as a whole that embraces a complex web of holistic interrelations, is a premise of traditional astrology, which seemed antiquated, but turns out to be trend-setting. Thus, it appears promising to subject the astrological thesis of an influence of celestial bodies on the Earth and life on its surface to a new test. The quality of the astrological body of theses matches the holistic results of modern research, as it represents the archetype of an integrating science. Astrology of this brand was a historical reality in the era of Kepler, Galileo and Newton. It is well known that Kepler was both an astrologer and one of the creative founders of modern science. Book IV of his principle work Harmonices Mundi (1619) with the heading Book on Metaphysics, Psychology, and Astrology is evidence of this, as well as his papers De fundamentis astrologiae certioribus (1602) and De stella nova (1604). Those who pretend that Kepler was not really engaged in astrology should read these writings.

Theodor Landscheidt, 1988.
Sun - Earth - Man. A Mesh of Cosmic Oscillations.

See also:
Johannes Kepler (1619) - Harmonices Mundi  - The Harmony of the Worlds.

Al Larson (1991) - A Lunar Chaos Theory. 

Al Larson (1997) - Energy Flow Theory & Financial Markets.
TPR (2012) - Astronomy & Finance.

TPR (2012) - Moon & Markets. 

TPR (2012) - Sun & Markets.

A Lunar Chaos Theory | Al Larson

As the planets orbit the sun, they exert tidal forces upon the gases of the gun, much as the moon raises tides on the earth. The equation below describes these forces. Numerical solution of this equation reveals that Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Saturn are the most Influential, in that order. In Figure 1 shows this tidal effect caused by planets 1 and 2 rotating a gaseous portion of the sun's surface. These gas swirls cause several solar effects, including sun spots, coronal holes, and solar flares. All these effects combine to vary the amount of radiation that leaves the sun.

 

This solar radiation travels toward the earth in two ways, as direct radiation, such as sunshine and radio waves, and as particles, carried by the solar wind. This flow of charged particles forms a torrent of energy that blast spaceship earth, creating a bow wave and a wake just as a boat going upstream would do. This bow shock wave forms a magneto-pause between the earth and the sun. It interacts with the earth's magnetic field, shaping and adding energy to it. At the north and south poles, the charged particles follow the magnetic lines of force, and enter our atmosphere in a Polar Cap Absorption Event. This leads to the auroral oval, producing our Northern and Southern Lights.

The bow wave also creates an envelope about the earth, called the magnetosphere. As the solar wind flows past the earth, the magnetosphere forms a teardrop shaped envelope of trapped particles, ending in the magneto-tail. It is inside this envelope that the moon orbits. As the solar radiation varies, so does the earth's magnetic field, atmospheric ionization, and temperature. Scientists have tracked down a host of relationships between these events and a variety of earthly phenomena such as climate, weather, crime rates, plant growth rates, frequency of thunderstorms, blood PH levels, psychiatric emergencies, etc.  My own work has related these events to market action as well.

I believe there is also a third mechanism at work, one involving the moon. Let me explain: The moon's orbit is the most complex of all the ten bodies under consideration. While a planet's position may be accurately computed from an equation containing about nine or so terms, computing the moon's location to the same accuracy requires over 100 terms. Some of these terms are directly traceable to the pull of various planets and the sun on the moon. For example, there is a term related to Venus, our closest planetary neighbor. All these terms still do not describe a stable orbit, but one that rotates slowly In space, coming back to the same orientation in about 18.6 years. This is the moon's nodal cycle. Most people are familiar with the moon's full moon, new moon, or synodic cycle of 29.531 days. Many have tried to correlate it with market movements. The moon has many other cycles. It moves closer to and further from the earth, in what is the moon’s anomalistic cycle, which ls 27.554 days long. As the moon passes through the ecliptic plane (the plane of the earth's orbit) it crosses at its node, to form the moon's draconic cycle of 27.212 days (so named by the ancient Chinese who viewed this cycle as having the power of a dragon). Further, as the moon passes the earth’s equator, it forms the lunar tropical cycle of 27.321 days. There is also the motion from star to star, which is the sidereal cycle, of 27.322 days. Additionally, since the moon's orbit tips approximately 5 degrees, the observer on earth sees the moon 'ride high' or 'ride low' as it revolves in its orbit. The venerable Farmer’s Almanac points out the effect of this on tides, weather, and earthquakes.

I have, I believe, discovered another lunar cycle that I call the lunar chaos cycle. Figure 2 shows this cycle pictorially. My theory is that as the moon rides high and low, and moves closer and further from the earth, that the moon crosses the boundary between the ionized particles trapped in the moon's wake and the fast flowing solar wind. Figure 2 shows this possibly happening at two full moon positions (1 and 2) and two new moon positions (3 and 4). Such boundary crossings would lead to sharp disturbances in the earth’s magnetic field, affecting those of us who live within it.

A further perturbation can be theorized as well. This is the perturbation of the nearby planets Mercury and Venus. When the moon balances on the edge of the magneto-pause, a chaotic balance point exits. Either interior planet can tug the moon into the solar wind, tipping the balance just as Lorenz's Butterfly Effect tips the balance in weather.

[...] While at first it may be hard for the average buyer or seller of stocks and commodities to accept that his fortunes are controlled by a burning ball of gas and ten pieces of revolving rock, this study presents scientific evidence that this indeed may be true. The theory of lunar chaos does provide a rational explanation of possible cause and effect. The statistics of correlation, while they do not 'prove' the theory correct, are sufficiently strong to permit one to claim that this theory is possible.

 

Quoted from:

Al Larson a.k.a. Dr. Hans Hannula (1991) - A Lunar Chaos Theory.

In: Cycles, January/February 1991, Foundation of the Study of Cycles.

 

See also:

TPR (2012) - Moon & Markets.
TPR (2012) - Sun & Markets.

Al Larson (1997) - Energy Flow Theory & Financial Markets.

The Physics of the Seasonal Cycle | Al Larson

Any grade-school pupil can tell you when the seasons begin. In the northern hemisphere, generally, spring begins March 21, while summer begins June 21. Autumn begins September 23, and winter begins December 21. Actual dates may vary by one day in a particular year. So step one is simple.

 

The physical reason behind the seasonal cycle is the tilt of the Earth's axis. The 23.5-degree tilt of the Earth's axis causes more direct heating of the northern hemisphere in the summer, when the Earth tilts toward the sun. It causes less heating in the winter, when the Earth tilts away from the sun. This change in heating and cooling causes the seasonal weather patterns that we are familiar with.

 Charged particles from the sun form a teardrop-shaped envelope about the globe called magnetosphere.

 

Not so well known is the effect of the seasonal variation on the Earth's geomagnetic field. As the sun emits energy, charged particles flow outward, carried by the solar wind. As these particles sweep past Earth, they form a teardrop-shaped envelope around the globe called the magnetosphere.

There is a seasonal variation in two important parts of the magnetosphere. When the Earth tilts toward the sun in the summer, the charged particles can more directly flow into the north pole, where they affect the Earth's magnetic field. This effect is lessened when the Earth tilts away from the sun in the winter.
 

The second magnetic effect is on the magneto-tail, that part of the magnetosphere which streams away from the sunny side of the Earth. As the Earth tilts toward the sun, this tail "rides higher." As the Earth tilts away from the sun, the tail "rides lower." This affects how our moon, which moves in and out of the magnetosphere, interacts with the Earth's magnetic field.

So what does this have to do with stocks and commodities? Scientific evidence suggests that these fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field affect humans. Studies show that magnetic field changes are linked to blood PH changes, which in turn cause mood swings. Perhaps the psychological mood swings of traders are also subject to these magnetic field changes.
 

More obviously, the seasonal cycle could be expected to affect crop prices, such as those of wheat, corn and other commodities. Similarly, with most businesses running on a quarterly profit cycle, seasonal variations in the buying and selling of materials and equipment can be expected. Thus, on both a fundamental and technical basis, a trader can expect season price variations in stocks and commodities.

To perform step 2, mark the dates of the cycle on a chart with solid dots, and place them above or below the price as you estimate that price is high or low relative to what it was approximately one-fourth cycle earlier. Points do not necessarily have to alternate between high and low. Now look for cycle "inversions." If two lows or highs occur in succession, the cycle has "inverted" between the points. A normal inversion point is halfway through the cycle.

Quoted from:

Al Larson (1991) - The Physics of the Seasonal Cycle.

 

See also:

TPR (2012) - Moon & Markets.
TPR (2012) - Sun & Markets.

Al Larson (1997) - Energy Flow Theory & Financial Markets.  

Mini-Crash in Tune with Cosmic Rhythms | Theodor Landscheidt

Solar eruptions and related geomagnetic storms can be predicted by means of major and minor instability events released by special solar systems configurations. Minor instability events occur when the Sun's Center of Mass (CS), the Solar Systems Center of Mass (CM), and Jupiter (JU) - the weighty center of the world of planets - arc in line (JU-CM-CS). Such configurations initiate strong impulses of torque in the Sun's orbital motion about the CM. JU-CM-CS events form cycles with a mean period of 9.275 years, but are subject to considerable variation in wavelength: it can be as short as two years, or as long as 14 years.

 

 

The above chart shows the relationship between the S&P 500's monthly index and Cycles of Minor and Major Solar System Instability Events: The short fat arrows indicate epochs of consecutive JU-CM-CS events that form cycles showing rather different wavelengths. Wide and narrow arrows as well as small arrows represent harmonics of respective cycles specified by indices.Indicators that coincide with maxima of the S&P 500 point upwards, while those that coincide with minima point downwards. After the long fat arrow that marks the epoch of a 'major instability event', the epochs of JU-CM-CS events and the second harmonic (= 1/2) of the respective cycles are correlated with bottoms in the data, and the fourth (= 1/4) and eigth (= 1/8) harmonics with tops. In the current JU-CM-CS cycle - running from October 31, 1982 (= 1982.83), to April 20, 1990 (= 1990.3) - the midpoints between the fourth and eighth harmonics, the sixteenth harmonics, were, in each case, related to bottoms in the data. The chart also shows the cosmic background of the famous 4-Year Cycle, and - this is crucial to predictions - hints to an explanation why it is sometimes longer or shorter. 

The next chart is an extension of the first one. The upper curve represents the DJIA, and its turning points are in phase with the arrows marking epochs of respective harmonics of the JU-CM-CS cycle. The last arrow matches the date of the mini-crash on October 13, 1989 - the biggest plunge of the stock market since the 1987 crash.

 

 

Quoted from:
Theodor Landscheidt (1989) - Mini-Crash in Tune with Cosmic Rhythms.
In: Cycles, November/December 1989, Foundation of the Study of Cycles.

 

See also:

Al Larson (1999) - When a CME hits the Earth's Magnetic Field.
Al Larson (1997) – Energy Flow Theory.
Al Larson (1991) - Lunar Chaos Cycle.
Al Larson (1990) - Solar Tides & Financial Markets.

Cosmic Regulation of Cycles in Nature and Economy | Theodor Landscheidt

Let us try to find cycles in nature that can be understood and predicted - and, in addition, that are connected with human behavior, especially the economy. Planetary tide-generating forces, acting on the Sun, are a promising candidate. Hence, we shall try to find dependable cycles in the tide-generating forces of the planets that are linked to energetic solar eruptions and terrestrial effects, especially in the economy. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Jupiter, the so-called tidal planets, can be expected to exert a realizable trigger effect.

 

 

» The golden section seems to be implanted in man, too. Dürer, the famous painter, made a thorough investigation of proportions in the human body and found as many as 25 realizations of the "divine proportion," as the golden section is also called, Is this why there is also psychic response to this proportion? According to H. Read, the golden section has, for centuries, been regarded as a key to the mysteries of art. Aesthetically speaking, it is considered to have the most pleasing proportions. « 

 

 

 » Golden section patterns governing solar eruptions. «

 

 

 » There is a growing body of circumstantial evidence that strong solar eruptions are linked to the tidal cycle. That energetic solar flares have a strong impact on important terrestrial cycles. Hence, the tidal cycle, with an average duration of  118.5 days - equaling 16.9 weeks, or 3.9 months - should have left marks in the records. «

 

 

» My example is a cycle in stock prices which averages 14-3/4 days long, but which proceeds m a hop-skip fashion in waves that are first shorter than the average and then longer than the average, alternately. On the average, the shorter waves run about 13-1/4 days long, the longer waves about 16-1/4 days long... it should be obvious that ... forecasts made on a 13-1/4-, 16-1/4, 13-1/4, 16-1/4-day basis would be vastly superior to those made on a rigid 14-3/4-day basis, even though both time intervals would come out to the same place in the end. You will doubtless have noticed that one long and one short wave together equal 29-1/2 days — the time interval from one new moon to the next. « 

 

 

Quoted from:

Theodor Landscheidt (1990) - Cosmic Regulation of Cycles in Nature and Economy.
In: Proceedings, February 1990, Foundation of the Study of Cycles.

 

See also:

Al Larson (1999) - When a CME hits the Earth's Magnetic Field.
Al Larson (1997) – Energy Flow Theory.
Al Larson (1991) - Lunar Chaos Cycle.
Al Larson (1990) - Solar Tides & Financial Markets.

Energy Flow Theory & Financial Markets | Al Larson

As planets orbit the sun, they exert tidal forces upon the gases of the sun. These tidal forces cause swirling motions on the sun, creating sun spots, solar flares, coronal holes, and other energy events. All these effects combine to vary the amount of radiation that leaves the sun. That solar radiation is our sole source of energy. We are subject to every fluctuation in it. Solar radiation travels to the earth in two ways: as direct radiation, such as sunshine and radio waves, and as charged particles carried by the solar wind. This flow of charged particles forms a torrent of energy that blasts earth creating a bow wave and a wake, just as a boat going upstream would do. This bow shockwave forms a magnetopause between the earth and the sun. It interacts with the earth’s electromagnetic field, shaping and adding energy to it. At the poles, charged particles follow the magnetic lines of force into our atmosphere. This creates a charged layer called the ionosphere.

As this solar wind passes earth, it shapes our magnetosphere into a teardrop shaped envelope of trapped charged particles. As solar radiation varies so does the earth’s magnetic field, atmospheric ionization, and temperature. Scientists have tracked down a host of relationships between these events and a variety of earthly phenomena such as weather, climate, crime rates, plant growth rates, frequency of thunder storms, blood Ph levels, psychiatric emergencies, and many others.

As part of this activity the solar wind charges our ionosphere to a voltage of approximately +300,000 volts. This charged layer above the earth represents the positive end of a battery. When you stand on the ground you are standing on the negative end of this battery. This is the earth’s electric field that we all live in. When you stand erect, it places a voltage on the top of your head of about 240 volts. That is the same voltage as used by your oven element. Fortunately for us, this is not a high current power source. Otherwise, we would fry.

 

 

 

We are affected by this field. This voltage causes currents to flow through us as we live on earth. These currents are approximately 2000 times as strong as the biological currents that run our brain, our nervous system, our muscles, and our organs. All of our body’s electro-chemical systems are subject to the fluctuations in these currents. The ionosphere and the charges on it form a very dynamic system. Events such as solar flares can cause rapid and large changes in this voltage. Our biological circuits feel these changes. These changes can affect all our biological processes including our emotional moods. Scientific studies have shown that changes in ionization cause people to feel giddy to gloomy. These moods show up in the markets. It is well accepted that markets move in response to fundamental forces and investor psychology. A major finding of my work is that investor psychology is driven by the physical energy system. Those emotional rallies and declines are controlled by the currents that run through us. We call those currents emotions.

[...] I have related the timing and price level of market turns to these currents. I have exhaustively verified every link in this chain of cause and effect. I have developed a solid mathematical knowledge of how this energy flow controls pattern, price, and time in markets. While it is not possible in a chaotic system to make perfect predictions, I have been able to formulate a computer program called XGO which predicts markets with between 60% and 90% accuracy […] This S&P forecast has been running about 80% accurate over the past two months. It was computed over one year ago, and used no price data! It is simply a computation of the energy coming into the S&P. These forecasts can be made for any market, for any time in the future. This is a unique scientific technology.

Quoted from:
Al Larson (1997) – Energy Flow Theory.

See also:

Hans Hannula ( 1987) - In Search of the Cause of Cycles.

Hans Hannula (1991) - A Lunar Chaos Theory.

Al Larson (1997) - Your Electric Life.

Al Larson (2001) - The Sun and the S&P 500.
Al Larson - www.moneytide.com

DrAlLarson - YouTube Channel.

TPR - Financial Markets and Solar Activity.

The Cloud Mystery | Henrik Svensmark

Nir Shaviv and Henrik Svensmark (HERE)

Looking at the Milky Way from above, we see four giant spiral arms. Our solar system is currently located within a small armlet called Orion between the two big spiral arms Sagittarius-Carina and Perseus. But it doesn’t stay there. It rotates at a speed of some 830,000 kilometers per hour around the galactic center and does a whole round about every 250 millions years. This rotation period is called one galactic year. That means on average every about 65 million years our solar system moves through one of the major spiral arms of the milky-way. 

The Solar System's passage
through the Milky Way (HERE)

During such a passage the average temperature on Earth is about 5-10°C colder than outside the spiral arms where more clouds can be created and are causing cooler climatic conditions. Within a spiral arm more cosmic rays reach the Earth because there are more super novae in the immediate neighborhood of our solar system. These dying stars are sending out cosmic rays, subatomic particles with enormous energy rushing through the galaxy at almost the speed of light. And some of them shower and bombard the Earth. In our atmosphere the cosmic rays are nuclei for condensation of water vapor and cloud formation. And the clouds reflect the sunlight and cool the Earth.

The Sun of course also plays an important role in the formation of clouds: When there are a lot of sunspots, the magnetic fields of the Sun are emitting more charged particles, called the solar wind. The solar wind fights and neutralizes the cosmic rays and controls how many of them reach the Earth. During the 20th century the magnetic activity of the Sun has almost doubled. As a result fewer cosmic rays reach the Earth, the cloud cover became thinner and the Earth’s climate warmer. 

Nir Shaviv (HERE)

A ‘lazy’ Sun would produce less magnetic activity, less solar wind and more cosmic rays would reach the Earth’s atmosphere able to build up clouds there and to cool the planet’s climate down: The Sun controls the Earth’s cloudiness. The climate is controlled by the clouds. The clouds are controlled by cosmic rays. And the cosmic rays are controlled by the Sun.

Sources: Henrik Svensmark and Eigil Friis-Christensen, astrophysicists, Danish National Space Institute (DTU Space), Copenhagen | Nir Shaviv, astronomer,  Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem | Jan Veizer, geologist, Department of  Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa and Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Bochum Ruhr University | Jasper Kirkby (2011): The CLOUD experiment at CERN [65 m] | Lars Oxfeld Mortensen (2007): The Cloud Mystery - Henrik Svensmark on Climate Change [53 m] | Martin Durkin (2007): The Great Global Warming Swindle [76 m]

Cosmic Patterns | John H. Nelson

From 1946 to 1971 John H. Nelson, an astronomer and radio engineer working for RCA Communications Co. in New York, published an article in RCA Review describing a theory for predicting shortwave radio propagation over the North Atlantic. He compared planetary positions relative to the Sun with logs of propagation conditions maintained at RCA's receiving station at Riverhead, Long Island. Nelson found that disturbances occurred primarily in the presence of significant planetary configurations (HERE). 

Of nearly 1,500 forecasts that he made in 1967 he had an accuracy rate of 93.2%. He did not dare to admit his work was astrologically based. Instead he called it Astro Physics. But he was actually using all the planetary configurations and major angular aspects astrologers have been using ever since. This was a major accomplishment in the scientific realm to prove that astrology does work. 

In summation, after more than 25 years of research in this field of solar system science, I can say without equivocation that there is very strong evidence that the planets, when in certain predictable arrangements, do cause changes to take place in those solar radiations that control our ionosphere.  I have no solid theory to explain what I have observed, but the similarity between an electric generator with its carefully placed magnets and the sun with its ever-changing planets is intriguing.  In the generator, the magnets are fixed and produce a constant electrical current.  If we consider that the planets are magnets and the sun is the armature, we have a considerable similarity to the generator.  However, in this case, the magnets are moving.  For this reason, the electrical-magnetic stability of the solar system varies widely.  This is what one would expect.

John H. Nelson, Cosmic Patterns, 1974

John H. Nelson in RCA Review, March 1951

The Electric Universe

[by Donald E. Scott, Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering)]

What is wrong with present-day accepted astrophysics ?

It is not scientific. In today's world many people characterize themselves as being 'scientists'. Only those who always carefully follow the scientific method are deserving of that title. Modern establishment astrophysics fails the test in several ways.
 

The Empirical Scientific Method

Scientists are distinguishable from artists, poets, musicians, and others in that they use what is known as the 'scientific method'.  It is not that 'inspiration' or 'the muse' is not valuable in science, it is - but it is not the starting point of what we call science.  In the process called the scientific method a true scientist will:

• Observe nature - carefully record what is seen.
• Seek patterns in the observed data - put numbers on the data - fit equations to those numbers.
• Generalize those equations into a word description of the process - this is a hypothesis.
• Carry out experiments and/or gather independent data to see how well the hypothesis predicts future observations and results. This is called "closing the loop" on your hypothesis.
• Reject, or modify the hypothesis if the experiments show it falls short of success in these predictions.
• Only after the results of several experiments have been successfully predicted by the hypothesis, can it be called a theory.

If two different theories predict a given phenomenon equally well, the simpler theory is probably the best one. This principle is called Occam's Razor.

Theories can never be proven to be correct - some other mechanism entirely may be the cause of the observed data.  But theories can be disproved if they fail to predict the outcomes of additional experiments. Such theories are termed to be falsified. Sometimes the scientific method as described above is called the empirical method.
 

The Deductive Method
As an alternative to the empirical method, there is a method of deriving theories from assumed generalizations about the universe.  This is called the deductive method.  In this process one starts with a "law of nature" or "obviously correct" generalization about the "way things work" and deduces (reasons out - derives) its consequences in detail.  A hypothesis arrived at via this method is promoted to the status of being a Theory if a large enough body of experts 'accept' it.  Thus, in this method, a vote of the experts determines if a theory is correct.  Once such a theory has been accepted it is not easily rejected in light of conflicting evidence; it is, however, often modified - made more complex - and, unfortunately, new data is often selectively chosen to support it.

The selection and publication of only the data that support the accepted theory is expedited by the "peer review system".  If the experts who have accepted a given theory control both the funding of future research and also what gets published, there is little chance for conflicting viewpoints to develop.
 

Pseudo Science
Some hypotheses, when presented by august, well established scientists, are given credence without anyone questioning whether the hypothesis has been developed using the scientific method. Yet in most cases it is not difficult to check whether or not the scientific method has been used correctly.  For example, consider the hypothesis that "There are gnomes in my garden that always make themselves invisible when anyone tries to observe them."  Clearly, no conceivable experiment or observation could falsify that statement.  This is evidence the hypothesis comes from a pseudo-scientific source.  Legitimate theories must be falsifiable.
 

The Problem Faced by Modern Astronomy is that Experiments Are Not Possible 
Because the stars are light years away, we cannot hope to be able to go there and perform experiments on them. Until relatively recently even the planets were out of our reach.  Thus, cosmologists never get to complete the scientific method.  We cannot 'close the loop' in cosmology. But, if we cannot test our hypotheses, how can we reject or modify them?  The answer, of course, is that astrophysicists, more than those in any other branch of science, must be exceedingly careful to continually examine their hypotheses in light of any new data.  It is the contention of the author [...] that they have not been doing this.

Einstein was a purely theoretical physicist - he never went near a physics lab.  He conducted only 'gedankenexperimente' - thought experiments - in order to arrive at his general theory of relativity (GR).  This is a perfect example of the deductive method at work.  Its use is exceptionally dangerous in an area like cosmology wherein it is difficult to falsify any theory.  Now that the GR Theory is accepted by establishment astrophysics, any new data (such as photographs of the astronomical object known as the "Einstein Cross") are discussed only within the framework of this complicated theory.

The images of the four small objects in the Einstein Cross when looked at only from this viewpoint, are considered to be supporting evidence for the GR Theory.  However, they could just as well be interpreted as being evidence supporting a much simpler cosmological theory.

Evidence contradictory to the accepted Big Bang Theory, such as images of connections between objects that have widely different red shift values, are dismissed as being mirages.
 

False Assumptions in Astrophysics
Most of today's accepted astronomy/cosmology is a set of deductively arrived at hypotheses precariously based on two false assumptions :

1. Electrical fields, currents, and plasma discharges are not important in space. Only gravitational and magnetic fields are important.
2. If the light from an object exhibits redshift, the object must be speeding away from us.  And its distance from us is directly proportional to that speed.

Both of these assumptions are demonstrably wrong. They have been, and continue to be, contradicted by actual observations of the sky.  Those observations tell us that

1. The universe is highly electrical in nature.
2. Redshift is more a measure of an object's youth than its velocity.

Invisible Entities Invented To Patch Up Failing Theories
The theories that have sprung from these faulty, overly complicated mathematical models have given birth to such arcane notions as: curved space, neutron stars, WIMPs (and now WIMPZILLAS), MACHOs, several different types of black holes, superluminal jets, dark energy, and magnetic field lines that pile-up, merge and reconnect.  All of these inventions are fictions put forth by astrophysicists in desperate efforts to defend their theories when faced with contradicting observations.  None have ever been observed or photographed.  Many of them are demonstrably impossible.  But their existence is repeatedly invoked to explain new observations and measurements that contradict the enshrined theories of modern astronomy without resorting to the use of electrical principles.

We continually hear statements such as, "There must be a black hole at the center of that galaxy." (Otherwise we cannot explain its level of energy output.)  "There must be invisible dark matter in that galaxy." (Otherwise we cannot explain how it rotates the way it does.)  "Ninety nine percent of the universe is made up of dark energy." (Otherwise the Big Bang Theory is falsified.)  "Pulsars must be made up of strange matter." (Otherwise we might have to look for an electrical explanation). We are also asked to believe that two objects (like galaxy NGC 4319 and its companion Markarian 205) are not connected together even though we have photographs of the connection. So, we are told not to believe in the things that we can see, but that we should believe in the existence of the magic entities that their theories require - even though we cannot see or measure them.
 

Astrophysicists Denigrate Outsiders - Then Quietly Adopt their New Ideas
There have been several instances in the past when the astronomical mainstream has long rejected an idea that is later accepted.  There is usually no public disgrace for the in-group who were on the wrong side of the issue.  When, after being viciously denigrated, the validity of a new idea becomes inescapably obvious, a few years go by, and then we quietly hear: "Well, Everyone has known for a Long Time that this (the new idea) was always true."  An example of this is Hannes Alfvén's discovery of plasma waves. This relatively recently discovered property of plasmas is now being wrongly used by astrophysicists to explain away all sorts of (what is for them) enigmatic phenomena - such as the temperature inversion in the Sun's lower corona.
 

The Future
In a few years, perhaps we will hear: "Well, Everyone has known for a Long Time that quasars are not extremely distant, and red shift is more a measure of the youth of an object than its recessional velocity and distance.  No one said for sure there ever was a Big Bang.  It was just another false theory. Everyone has known for a Long Time that electric currents flowing in plasmas produce many of the mysterious observed solar and cosmic phenomena."  And we will not hear of machos, wimps, neutronium, dark energy, and broken magnetic field lines from any serious scientist ever again.

Time will tell. Will the founders of the Electric / Plasma Universe Theory be acknowledged as having been the pathfinders they are? Or will lesser men quietly adopt these ideas without giving credit to their originators and then claim them to be 'well known'? 

More HERE & HERE & HERE & HERE