Showing posts with label Algorithmic Pricing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Algorithmic Pricing. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 26, 2025

How Algorithms Impact Market Direction: 80% of Breakouts Fail | Richie Naso

The first thing you need to truly understand is that algorithms control the stock market; not the large institutional players, not the massive hedge funds, but price auction algorithms. Algorithms are there to create volatility and liquidity; they have no mind, they are programmed to go to technical areas, certain levels, to take out buy and sell orders. 
 
The market operates on a day-to-day basis with both premium and discount levels. When the market moves toward a premium level, the algorithms target that area to create liquidity. Conversely, when the market moves lower, the algorithms aim for the discount area to generate liquidity.
 
 Equilibrium Level and Premium -Discount Zones.

Algorithms dictate the direction of the market, especially in the near term.
The mathematical equations used in these algorithms are designed by humans, based on historical data. 
 
When the market is trending lower and algorithms reach a significant technical level (support/resistance, supply/demand zones, previous highs and lows of sessions, days, weeks, months, imbalances, order blocks, 50%-levels, round numbers, option strike prices) and the market is trending lower, algorithms will activate and target that technical area. They recognize that the area is a support level. They also understand that they can manipulate investor emotions to make them believe that the market is bottoming out. 
 
Premium-Discount Zones for Short and Long Setups.

As a result, when the algorithm hits that technical area, it aims to trigger emotions that lead investors to sell or short in response to what appears to be a breakdown. These breakdowns are often referred to as "failed breakout trades," and they tend not to succeed. In fact, they fail in more than 80% of cases.


 
 » Some of the best trade setups are failed breakouts. «

Why? Because it’s a contrived effort by the mathematical logic of the algorithms, designed to make investors do exactly what the algorithms want. The goal is to get people to go short at the bottom and encourage long investors to sell their positions at the lowest point, clearing the way for an upward movement. 
 
First, shorts need to be covered. Then, longs who sold at the bottom will be motivated to buy back shares, creating another emotional impulse. Typically, this leads to a poor trade for those who sold too early.

» The goal is to get people to go long at the top. «
 
The same principle applies in both directions—whether the market is moving up or down. For instance, in a false breakdown, algorithms may manipulate the market to sell. In a false breakout, they may prompt buying. In both cases, the effect is similar: short covering and long investors buying at the wrong time. To sum it up, the algorithms exploit emotional responses. 
 
There is no support for short positions when the market is trending down, and the longs who are caught at the top are forced to sell. This creates the momentum for the market to move in the opposite direction.

 » 80% of Breakouts fail. «

This is why some of the best trades are failed breakdowns—buying against technical levels that are collapsing. This is when and where you should buy, while everyone else is being pushed out of the market. You don’t want to short a failed breakdown in a technical area, nor should you buy a breakout in such an area. Instead, you should do the opposite in these situations. 
 
» Algos do what they are programmed to do. They take no prisoners. «
 
My most successful trades, without question, occur when stop orders are triggered. People use stop orders to protect themselves from losses. This is where you should enter the market—against stop orders. If stop orders are triggered and the market has to sell down, you should buy. Conversely, if stop orders are triggered on the way up, you should sell. The key is to position yourself on the other side of stop orders.
 
To sum it up, algorithms are written by programmers, and have to be designed to go somewhere. Where do they go? To technical areas. Those algorithms are heading there, without a doubt. They aim to shake out longs and get people to go short or vice versa. 
 
So, what do the smart players do who are at the bottom of these algorithms, scooping up all this action? They feed into these people. That's the purpose of algorithms. We take advantage of what they give us. Printing money. That’s what we do. And we do it every day. 
 
You need to know the technicals, the levels, and pay attention to them. Technical areas are borders, and price history is how you identify and track them. Do multi-time frame analysis; understand what failed breakdowns and failed breakouts look like; double bottoms, double tops, pin bars, three-push-patterns, three-bar reversals, and M and W patterns, all the way down to the 1-minute chart. Find out what else VWAP, EMA (9), and Keltner can do for you.  
 
Wait for price to get to technical areas, and for reversal setups to form. Price to price, level to level, zone to zone. Don't chase trades; scale into them, as single-entry trades will kill you. Understand position management; know your stop-loss level, take-profit targets, and your R, and take what the market gives you. Consider taking partial profits and holding positions through a session close or daily close. Journal your trades; some of your best trades will be losing trades that help you learn valuable lessons. Keeping things simple is the key to success as a trader.

See also: 

Friday, July 12, 2024

ICT Time Macros & Quarterly Theory | Michael J. Huddleston & Jevaunie Daye

Algorithmic macros are timed directives for market maker price algorithms to seek and take out liquidity levels and imbalances in the market. These periods, typically lasting 20-30 minutes, are characterized by increased market volatility and are used by traders to identify high-probability trading setups. Developed by Michael J. Huddleston, ICT macros are based on the ICT Time and Price Theory, where algorithms execute precise instructions to interact with liquidity pools or correct market inefficiencies.
 
Hence looking at a chart the first task is always to identify imbalances/inefficiencies such as Fair Value Gaps (FVGs), buy-side and sell-side liquidity levels. Look at previous day's highs and lows, session highs and lows, highs and lows in the last three days and the previous week. 
 

These macros are not intended to function as standalone systems but are instead used to enhance trading strategies by providing confluence, aligning trades with algorithmic price movements. Macros generally appear during specific times of the trading day, particularly in the last 10 minutes of a closing hour and the first 10 minutes of an opening hour. Within the final hour of a trading session, they may also occur every 15 minutes. They are especially common during the London and New York trading sessions, which are known for high trading volume and increased volatility, making these periods optimal for macro-based setups. There are 8 macros during the trading day:
 
          #1  London Pre-Open Macro      02:33 - 03:00 EST/EDT
#2 London Open Macro               04:03 - 04:30
#3 New York AM Macro                 08:50 - 09:10
#
4 London Close Macro               09:50 - 10:10
#
5 London Fix Macro                    10:50 - 11:10
#
6 New York AM Close Macro    11:50 - 12:10
#
7 New York Lunch Macro          13:10 - 13:40
#
8 New York PM Close Macro    15:15 - 15:45
 
Traders monitor price action closely during these specific time windows for precise trade entries. Lower timeframes, such as the 1-minute, 3-minute, 5-minute, or 15-minute charts, are preferred for execution due to their precision. During macro periods, market algorithms may aggressively sweep liquidity, targeting stop-loss orders, or fill imbalances, which can lead to sharp price movements. By studying market structure shifts (MSS) and maintaining a clear directional bias, traders can anticipate and respond to these moves effectively.
  • To trade ICT macros successfully, the process generally involves several key steps. First, mark important price levels in advance, including buy-side and sell-side liquidity zones and FVGs. Use 15-minute charts to establish directional bias and switch to lower timeframes (1 to 5 minutes) for execution. 
  • During the macro window, wait for the algorithm to take liquidity or fill imbalances, and then look for entry signals such as market structure shifts or candlestick patterns. 
  • Trades are entered with clearly defined stop-losses—typically just beyond key levels—and profit targets are set around opposing liquidity pools or imbalances. 
  • Strict risk management is crucial, especially given the volatility that often accompanies these macro windows.
For example, on a US30 15-minute chart just before the 09:50 AM New York macro time, if the market takes out a buy-side liquidity level (such as previous highs), the price may then shift directionally to seek sell-side liquidity. Dropping to a 5-minute chart, a trader might observe a market structure shift to the downside and enter a sell trade at an FVG. A stop-loss could be placed above the high of the FVG candle, with a take-profit targeting equal lows—yielding, for instance, a 1:3 risk-reward ratio.

»
 Never fear missing a move. «
Michael J. Huddleston
 
ICT macro strategies are particularly effective for trading indices like NASDAQ, S&P 500, and Dow Jones (US30), major forex pairs such as EUR/USD and GBP/USD, and commodities like gold (XAU/USD).
 
ICT Killzones and Macros in the US Dollar Index 5 minute chart.
 
ICT Killzones and Macros in the S&P 500 E-mini Futures 5 minute chart.

Macros focus mainly on the first 20, 30, or 40 minutes of a trading hour (
22.5 Minute Cycle)
 
There are no ICT macros during the Asian Session.  
The macro between 9:50 and 10:10 is a time window where the market maker algorithm starts running for liquidity (look for ICT Silver Bullet setup).
The period between 10:50 and 11:10 marks the end of the 3rd hour of the New York AM Session, and the first 90 minutes of floor trading (90 Minute Cycle). 
The transition from the AM session to the lunch period leads either to consolidation, reversal or continuation (6 Hour AMDX/XAMD Cycle).
 
Quarterly Phase Transitions and Trading Session Strategies:
The chart below illustrates quarterly phase transitions across trading sessions (Asia: blue, London: pink, NY: green), linking to strategies:
Asia Range, London Manipulation, NY Reversal: 
Asia Accumulation (narrow range) transitions to London Retracement/Manipulation, then NY Reversal. If Asia consolidates, trade London for high/low, anticipate run on high (bearish) or low (bullish); skip NY, trade PM for reversal adjustment.

Asia Expansion, London Consolidation, NY Continuation: 
Asia Expansion to London Retracement/Consolidation, then NY Expansion/Continuation (another leg up/down). If Asia expands, skip London, trade NY for continuation; skip PM.

Asia Range, London Expansion, NY Consolidation: 
Asia Accumulation to London Expansion, then NY Retracement/Consolidation. If Asia consolidates, trade London for expansion; skip NY, trade PM for potential reversal or continuation.

Search & Destroy: 
Aggressive reversal pattern, likely Expansion to Reversal across sessions. Monitor for bearish/bullish runs; best on Asia consolidation days, or Tuesdays after Monday consolidation for weekly high/low.  
Weekly Trend Insight
Tuesday is more likely to set the weekly high/low if Monday consolidates. Focus on Tuesday’s price action for major trend direction after a consolidating Monday.
Divison of the trading day according to the Quarterly Theory:
6 Hour Sessions, 90 Minute Quarters & 22.5 Minute Micro Cycles/Quarters (EST/EDT).
 
6 Hour Sessions & 90 Minute Quarters in the S&P 500 E-mini Futures 15 minute chart.
 
90 minute Cycles & 22.5 Minute Micro Quarters in the S&P 500 E-mini Futures 1 minute chart.
 
Based on market structure and price action prior and during a macro, three categories can be classified:
 
(1.) Manipulation Macros sweep both buy-side and sell-side liquidity levels.
(2.) Expansion Macros sweep liquidity only on the buy-side OR the sell-side (trending price).
(3.) Accumulation Macros are characterized by ranging prices. 
 
Swing highs and lows of macro intervals can act as support and resistance.
 
Reference:

Friday, May 10, 2024

ICT T.G.I.F. (Thank God It's Friday) Setup | Darya Filipenka

Algorithmic trading is a method of executing trades using pre-programmed instructions or algorithms that automatically trigger trades based on certain conditions. It's a fascinating approach that can help traders make more precise and efficient decisions. Now, let's focus on a specific algorithmic trading model called the TGIF (Thank God It's Friday) setup. This is a day-based algorithmic trading model that can be applied to all assets. As the name suggests, this model is designed to be used on Fridays. The TGIF setup focus is on a market pullback into the current weekly range. It is particularly effective when anchored against higher time frame analysis.

» In the last portion of Friday’s trading, if it hasn't occurred yet, you can expect some retracement of the weekly range. «

When using the TGIF setup it's crucial to approach from a top-down perspective. This means starting with higher time frame analysis, such as monthly or weekly charts, to get a broader view of the market's direction. In candlestick analysis, there is a concept called the ICT Power of 3. This refers to a specific pattern and distribution phase that can indicate a potential reversal or exhaustion in the market. By studying the one-month chart, you identify the weekly range and its key levels. You apply Fibonacci levels to pinpoint the sweet spot where the TGIF setup is likely to occur. You also conduct top-down analysis by examining higher time frame charts to get a broader view of the market's direction. Keep an eye out for the ICT Silver Bullet formation. 


To apply the TGIF setup, follow these steps:
  1. Start by analyzing the higher time frame charts, such as monthly or weekly charts, to get a broader view of the market's direction.
  2. Identify the Weekly Range Profile and its key levels, such as the High and the Low of the range.
  3. Use Fibonacci levels to pinpoint sweet spot where the TGIF setup is likely to occur.
  4. Look for the pullback into the weekly range.
  5. Pay attention to the ICT Power of 3 pattern in candlestick analysis, which can indicate potential reversals or exhaustion.
  6. Keep an eye out for the ICT Silver Bullet formation, a powerful pattern that provides valuable insights into market dynamics.
  7. Combine all these analysis techniques to make informed trading decisions using the TGIF setup.
 
 

Wednesday, April 3, 2024

ICT NY Midnight Open and the Previous Day's High and Low | Darya Filipenka

Incorporating the New York Midnight Open (NMO) into your premarket plan provides a structured reference point for anticipating intraday bias and identifying potential trend days. The NMO acts as a baseline for price delivery, helping determine whether the market is likely to trade at a premium or discount relative to that level.
 
PDH = Previous Day's High
PDL = Previous Day's Low 
PDA = Premium and Discount Arrays as a guide to determine where to buy and sell
 
Previous day highs and lows are critical liquidity references. They often serve as targets for stop runs and can signal either continuation or reversal, depending on the broader market context. When a clear directional bias is present, priority should be given to these levels:

In a bullish environment, monitor the previous day’s high for a potential raid on buy stops.
In a bearish environment, focus on the previous day’s low for a sweep of sell stops.

When price reaches these levels, the key is not the level itself, but the reaction:

Look for signs of liquidity being taken (stop raid).
Assess whether displacement follows, indicating a shift in order flow.
If conditions align, refine entry using an optimal trade entry (OTE) framework.

Not all previous day highs and lows offer the same quality of setup. High-probability conditions typically include confluence with time-based models (e.g., Silver Bullet windows), proximity to the NMO, and alignment with higher timeframe bias.

Understanding how and when the market raids liquidity above previous highs or below previous lows allows you to anticipate reversals or continuations with greater precision, rather than reacting to price after the move has already developed.
 
Quoted from:
 

Wednesday, March 27, 2024

ICT Silver Bullet Strategy | Darya Filipenka

The ICT Silver Bullet Strategy is a time-based, algorithmic trading model applicable across asset classes. For the 10 AM Silver Bullet setup, concentrate on the 10:00–11:00 AM window. Use fair value gaps in conjunction with Fibonacci levels to refine entries and adjust stop placement. Target a minimum 3R risk-to-reward ratio, and close all positions by 11:00 AM to optimize profit capture while limiting exposure to market uncertainty.
 

3:00 AM - 4:00 AM New York Time
A Silver Bullet trade setup begins with a clear directional move, either upward or downward, establishing initial market intent. Following this move, a Fair Value Gap (FVG) is formed—this imbalance is a key component of the setup and serves as the primary area of interest.
Next, look for a Market Structure Shift (MSS) occurring after liquidity has been taken. An MSS represents a decisive reversal in price delivery, where the market shifts from its prior direction to the opposite. This typically happens when price sweeps previous short-term highs or lows within a trend. For validity, the shift should be impulsive and accompanied by displacement, signaling strong intent from institutional participants.
Displacement refers to a rapid and forceful price move driven by significant capital, often leaving behind additional Fair Value Gaps. This confirms momentum and reinforces the likelihood of a directional change.
Entry is executed within the identified Fair Value Gap, aligning with the new directional bias established by the MSS and displacement.
For targets, focus on liquidity pools such as Asian session highs/lows or higher timeframe premium and discount levels. These areas provide logical exit points where price is likely to rebalance or react. 

10:00 AM - 11:00 AM New York Time

Begin by referencing the previous New York PM session as your primary contextual anchor. During the first 30 minutes after the 9:30 AM market open, assess whether price is trading near that PM range. If price is not in proximity, shift focus to the London Session raid (2:00–5:00 AM, visible on the ETH chart). This comparison helps establish whether the market is drawing toward prior liquidity or operating in a different context.

Within that initial 30-minute window, determine where price stands relative to both the New York PM session and the London session. The market may trend higher, lower, or consolidate—this phase is observational. The actionable setup begins with displacement occurring between 10:00 AM and 11:00 AM EST, which forms the foundation of the Silver Bullet model.

During the 10:00–11:00 AM window: 
Identify a clear, untapped liquidity pool (e.g., equal highs/lows, session highs/lows).
Wait for displacement on lower timeframes (1-, 3-, or 5-minute charts) moving toward that liquidity.
Locate a Fair Value Gap (FVG) formed opposite the direction of the targeted liquidity pool.
Allow price to retrace into the FVG, then enter as price reprices away from it, continuing toward the liquidity target.
Once a valid Market Structure Shift (MSS) is confirmed, refine the entry using an Optimal Trade Entry (OTE) framework. Draw a Fibonacci retracement from the swing low to swing high (for bullish setups) or swing high to swing low (for bearish setups). The optimal entry typically aligns around the 62% retracement level.

For trade management:

First target: -27% Fibonacci extension
Second target: -62% Fibonacci extension

This approach aligns entry precision with institutional order flow while structuring exits around logical liquidity objectives.

2:00 PM - 3:00 PM New York Time
The afternoon Silver Bullet framework begins by focusing on the morning and lunch trading sessions. The objective is to identify AM Session Buy Side Liquidity (BSL) and Sell Side Liquidity (SSL), or Lunch session BSL/SSL, as price transitions into the PM session (1:30 PM–4:00 PM). These liquidity pools establish the context for a potential reversal, with the trade targeting the opposing side of the AM or lunch liquidity.

On Fridays, this model can align with the T.G.I.F. setup, where the target is typically 20–30% of the weekly range, reflecting end-of-week rebalancing behavior.

The execution phase occurs between 2:00 PM and 3:00 PM EST:

Wait for clear displacement, signaling institutional intent and setting up the Silver Bullet condition.
Identify a well-defined, untapped liquidity pool, prioritizing levels formed during the AM and lunch sessions.
Locate a Fair Value Gap (FVG) created by the displacement move.
Allow price to retrace into the FVG, then enter as price exits the imbalance, moving toward the targeted liquidity.

As with the morning model, confirmation comes from a valid Market Structure Shift (MSS) following a liquidity sweep. Typically, the AM session or NY lunch BSL/SSL acts as the liquidity that has been taken, after which displacement and MSS provide the directional bias for the trade.
 
Consider the 6 hour, the 90 minute, and the 22.5 minute cycles.
Expect highs and lows on the 1 minute chart around Micro-Quarter turns.

Reference: