Swiss physicist Dr. Hans-Benjamin Braun meticulously analyzed the Nord Stream 1 explosion, concluding the blast involved a thermonuclear (fusion) mini-nuke designed for maximum shockwave impact on Russia’s Kaliningrad. Like investigative journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner Seymour Hersh, Braun suspects US involvement in the attack. Among the authorities, politicians, journalists, and scientists he informed of his findings since December 2022, the prevailing response has been radio silence.
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| China called the Nord Stream pipeline blast an act of international terrorism, and an act of war against Germany and Russia. |
Braun, a renowned scientist specializing in statistical physics, quantum physics, neutron scattering, condensed matter physics, materials science, magnetism, and topology, served as Professor of Theoretical Physics at University College Dublin for many years. In 2014, he was honored as one of four “Distinguished Lecturers” worldwide by the IEEE Magnetics Society, delivering 50 international lectures at the invitation of institutions or sections. Dr. Braun’s widely cited publications appear in Nature Physics, Nature Communications, and Advances in Physics.
The contradictory public interpretations of the pipeline explosion at 17:03 UTC on September 26, 2022, sparked the scientific curiosity of Braun, a physicist with a master’s degree in earth sciences. He questioned why the UN Security Council did not launch an investigation despite numerous unanswered questions. In October 2022, he began analyzing the event using six independent methods: evaluation of seismic data via two approaches, analysis of aerosol cloud development post-detonation, examination of underwater currents in the Baltic Sea—particularly in an underwater canyon between Bornholm and Kaliningrad—in the days following, seafloor temperature changes, and the spread of potential radioactive fallout after the blast.
The surprising result: seismic measurements indicate an explosive force equivalent to 1–4 kilotons of TNT, sharply contrasting with the estimated 250 kg TNT equivalent reported in publications like the prestigious journal Nature.
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| The comparison of seismic measurements in the Baltic Sea, e.g. of Sweden and Finland with the values of the well-documented North Korean nuclear event also identified by the Columbia University Earth Institute on the basis of IRIS data shows a very similar pattern. |
Infrared satellite data shows that four hours after the detonation, a distinct aerosol cloud, extending up to 100 km, formed away from the explosion site in the wind direction toward the Kaliningrad region, triggered by shock waves impacting the steep Kaliningrad shoreline. Such a phenomenon would not occur to this extent with a smaller explosive charge, Braun noted. In the days following the detonation, significant underwater currents (~50 km or more) formed in the Baltic Sea, channeling into an underwater canyon directed toward Kaliningrad, resulting in a vortex current in the Bornholm Basin. According to a March 15, 2023, Nature publication, the explosion stirred 250,000 tons of sediment, which was subsequently deposited. This process also appeared to affect seafloor water temperatures throughout the winter.
Satellite data reveals that seafloor water temperatures increased by up to 5°C year-on-year across an area of approximately 100 km × 100 km in the winter of 2023 compared to 2022. Braun notes that this cannot be explained by natural fluctuations, particularly as mean temperatures in more distant Baltic Sea regions are typically lower.
In Poland, radioactive fallout was detected one day after the blast; in Switzerland, it was detected three days later.
Highly noteworthy, Braun said, is that the blast site apparently must have been chosen to reflect and amplify shock waves due to the elliptically shaped Swedish coastline, allowing them to focus precisely on Kaliningrad via the underwater canyon. The city, 500 km away, experienced a seismic effect 10 times greater than that of neighboring Bornholm, which is only 70 km from the pipeline blast site.
Braun’s investigative conclusion: “None of the seven independent geophysical observations can be explained by the use of a conventional explosive; a thermonuclear weapon must have been used. The Nord Stream sabotage was also a targeted shockwave attack on Kaliningrad, which to me makes the US the only plausible culprit.” He considers a tactical self-endangerment of the Russians by the detonation unlikely, Ukraine as another possible aggressor does not possess nuclear weapons.
Braun’s investigative conclusion: “None of the seven independent geophysical observations can be explained by the use of a conventional explosive; a thermonuclear weapon must have been used. The Nord Stream sabotage was also a targeted shockwave attack on Kaliningrad, which to me makes the US the only plausible culprit.” He considers a tactical self-endangerment of the Russians by the detonation unlikely, Ukraine as another possible aggressor does not possess nuclear weapons.
The US, however, had nuclear weapons, delivery systems and, through NATO’s BALTOPS 22 exercise in the Baltic Sea, which took place in June 2022, extensive fresh barythmetric knowledge of conditions at the eventual site. “BALTOPS also provides a unique opportunity for the US Research, Development, and Acquisition communities to exercise the current and emerging UUV technology in real-world operational environments. This year featured the current and future programs of record for mine hunting UUVs in the MK-18 and Lionfish systems. Both systems were put through the paces over 10 days of mine hunting operations, collecting over 200 hours of undersea data,” writes the US NAVY under the heading “BALTOPS 22 a perfect opportunitey for research and testing new technologies.” Of course, a collaboration of other geopolitical interest groups besides the US would also be conceivable, Braun adds.
Braun suggests that an autonomous underwater drone, such as the Lionfish tested during NATO’s BALTOPS 22 exercise, could have transported the explosive charge to the site. Executing the detonation with such an unmanned vehicle would have required only a few personnel. If the US were involved, Dr. Braun asserts, the blast would likely have been authorized by President Joe Biden. Sandia Labs, a long-term partner of the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), states on its website: “The nation’s nuclear weapons must always work when commanded and authorized by the President of the United States and must never detonate otherwise.” Braun notes that the US is the only country not to join the international ban on nuclear first strikes.
Braun suggests that an autonomous underwater drone, such as the Lionfish tested during NATO’s BALTOPS 22 exercise, could have transported the explosive charge to the site. Executing the detonation with such an unmanned vehicle would have required only a few personnel. If the US were involved, Dr. Braun asserts, the blast would likely have been authorized by President Joe Biden. Sandia Labs, a long-term partner of the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), states on its website: “The nation’s nuclear weapons must always work when commanded and authorized by the President of the United States and must never detonate otherwise.” Braun notes that the US is the only country not to join the international ban on nuclear first strikes.
Braun shared his findings with selected journalists and politicians on December 22, 2022, seven weeks before Seymour Hersh’s article was published. On January 3, 2023, he informed the Swiss government, and on January 25, 2023, the Swiss parliament. Concurrently, he contacted an MIT colleague, who alerted him to Hersh’s forthcoming article. On March 27, 2023, he reached out to Prof. J. Sachs, a UN Security Council representative, and on April 4, 2023, sent an open letter to NATO’s Secretary General, the Finnish and Swedish governments, and three Nobel laureates in physics. On the same day, he wrote to the International Criminal Court in The Hague, the White House, the Kremlin, and the Russian and Chinese embassies in Switzerland. On April 24, 2023, he contacted the UN Security Council again, under Russian chairmanship. The response: radio silence.
Braun demands full clarification of the matter. Thermonuclear weapons, with their easily adjustable detonation strength (so-called “dial-a-yield”), scalable by a factor of 100, pose a growing threat to humanity, especially when combined with rapidly advancing artificial intelligence in autonomous air and underwater vehicles used in covert operations.
Braun demands full clarification of the matter. Thermonuclear weapons, with their easily adjustable detonation strength (so-called “dial-a-yield”), scalable by a factor of 100, pose a growing threat to humanity, especially when combined with rapidly advancing artificial intelligence in autonomous air and underwater vehicles used in covert operations.
See also:
Hans-Benjamin Braun (2023) - Nord Stream Pipeline Blast By US-Nuke. (video)
Hans-Benjamin Braun (2023) - Nordstream – Anatomy of Dante’s Explosion. (original paper)
Hans-Benjamin Braun (2023) - Nord Stream Pipeline Blast By US-Nuke. (video)
Hans-Benjamin Braun (2023) - Nordstream – Anatomy of Dante’s Explosion. (original paper)
Joint News Conference of German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and US-President Biden, Feb 07, 2022.
Former Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs and member of the European Parliament Radoslaw Sikorski thanked the US for the Nord Stream 2 explosions on Sep 28, 2022.
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov claims US directly involved with Nord Stream pipeline explosions.
Former Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs and member of the European Parliament Radoslaw Sikorski thanked the US for the Nord Stream 2 explosions on Sep 28, 2022.
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov claims US directly involved with Nord Stream pipeline explosions.
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